A meniscus tear is a common knee injury that occurs when the fibrocartilage in the knee, called the meniscus, gets damaged or torn. The menisci are located between the thigh bone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) and act as shock absorbers, providing stability and cushioning to the knee joint. Here is an overview of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for a meniscus tear:
Causes
- Traumatic Injury: Meniscus tears often result from a sudden, forceful twisting or rotating motion of the knee joint, such as during sports activities or a direct blow to the knee.
- Degenerative Changes: As we age, the menisci become more susceptible to degeneration and wear-and-tear, making them more prone to tearing even with minimal force or movement.
Symptoms
- Knee Pain: Meniscus tears often cause localised pain in the knee. The pain may be sharp or aching, depending on the type and severity of the tear.
- Swelling: The knee may become swollen within 24 to 48 hours after the injury. The swelling may persist or come and go depending on the tear’s severity.
- Limited Range of Motion: You may experience difficulty fully bending or straightening your knee due to the tear.
- Knee Instability: A torn meniscus can make the knee feel unstable, causing a sensation of “giving way” or locking during movement.
Treatment Options
The appropriate treatment for a meniscus tear depends on several factors, including the tear’s location, size, and severity, as well as the individual’s age, activity level, and overall knee health. Treatment options include:
Nonsurgical Treatment
- Rest and Protection: Avoid activities that worsen the symptoms and use crutches if necessary.
- Ice and Elevation: Applying ice packs and elevating the leg can help reduce pain and swelling.
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to manage pain and reduce inflammation.
- Physical Therapy: A physical therapy program may be prescribed to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve range of motion, and promote knee stability.
- Use of Knee Braces: Depending on the tear’s characteristics, a knee brace may be used to provide support and stability.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be considered in cases where nonsurgical treatments do not provide sufficient relief or for more severe meniscus tears. Surgical options include:
- Meniscus Repair: If the tear is located in a repairable area and has good blood supply, the surgeon may attempt to stitch the torn edges together to promote healing.
- Meniscectomy: If the tear is irreparable or in a location with poor blood supply, the surgeon may remove the damaged portion of the meniscus while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible.
The choice of surgical procedure will depend on various factors, including tear characteristics, patient age, activity level, and surgeon preference.
It is important to consult with an orthopaedic specialist for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan for a meniscus tear. The specialist will evaluate your specific condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment option to relieve symptoms, restore knee function, and prevent further damage.
